Person
Ernest Jones
Welsh neurologist and psychoanalyst who led psychoanalysis in the English-speaking world, founding the British Psycho-Analytical Society and the International Journal of Psycho-Analysis and twice presiding over the International Psychoanalytical Association. A member of Freud's inner circle, he coined the term rationalization, championed Melanie Klein's work in London, and wrote the standard three-volume biography of Freud.
- Born
- 1879
- Died
- 1958
- Known for
- Influenced by
introduced
- Rationalization 1908 Jones coined the term in a paper first given in 1908 and later reprinted as the opening chapter of his Papers on Psycho-Analysis; Freud and the later literature adopted it.
- Aphanisis 1927 Proposed in his paper at the Innsbruck Congress of 1927.
developed
- Parapraxis 1908 Jones takes the insistence that a slip or chance action had no cause, or was due to chance or inattention, as one of the ways a person keeps the source of a mental process out of consciousness; the resistance to asking where it came from signals that the source is unacceptable. Analysis, he holds, always finds a precise cause.
- Oedipus complex 1910 Jones extended Freud's brief remark on Hamlet in The Interpretation of Dreams into a full study, an early and influential application of the Oedipus complex to literature, later expanded as Hamlet and Oedipus (1949).
- Symbolism 1918 Jones's paper gave the classic account of 'true symbolism', setting it apart from metaphor and from the broader usage of Jung and Silberer.
disputed with
- Sigmund Freud 1927 A loyal ally who still differed from Freud on female sexuality, lay analysis, telepathy and the merits of Klein's work.
- Anna Freud 1927 The dispute turned on child analysis: in May 1927 Jones's British Society held a symposium answering Anna Freud's views, with Jones siding with Melanie Klein; it foreshadowed the later Controversial Discussions.
- Erich Fromm 1958 In 1958 Fromm publicly contested the claim in Jones's biography of Freud that Rank and Ferenczi had become psychotic, drawing on testimony from people close to Ferenczi in his last years, and in Sigmund Freud's Mission (1959) he criticized Jones's account of Freud.