Book
The Analysis of the Self
What it shows
- 1971
Heinz Kohut reworked Transference
Describes mirror and idealizing transferences in narcissistic personality disorders.
- 1971
Heinz Kohut introduced Narcissistic transference
- 1971
Narcissistic transference diverges from Transference
Treats what is transferred as thwarted developmental needs rather than conflict.
- 1971
Heinz Kohut reworked Denial
Uses Freud’s term disavowal for a ‘vertical split’ in the personality: archaic grandiose demands stay conscious but are walled off from the reality ego and exist side by side with it, unlike the ‘horizontal split’ by which repression keeps them unconscious.
- 1971
Denial diverges from Repression
Kohut sets the vertical split maintained by disavowal, in which incompatible attitudes coexist in consciousness, against the horizontal split of repression, which keeps the material unconscious.
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- 1971
Narcissistic transference derives from Narcissism
Kohut gives narcissism a line of development separate from object love and names the transferences after it: the analyst is invested with narcissistic rather than object libido. Freud had held that narcissistic patients form no transference at all.
- 1971
Narcissistic transference derives from Selfobject
In these transferences the patient experiences the analyst as a self-object, a part of the self that supplies its missing functions; Kohut later renamed them selfobject transferences.
- 1971
Narcissistic transference derives from Grandiose self
The mirror transference is the therapeutic revival of the grandiose self, as the idealizing transference is of the idealized parental imago.
- 1971
Heinz Kohut introduced Selfobject
Names as self-objects the archaic objects a person experiences as part of the self rather than as independent centres of initiative.
- 1971
Heinz Kohut introduced Grandiose self
Sets the grandiose self beside the idealized parental imago as the two archaic narcissistic configurations revived in analysis; he had first named both in a 1968 paper.
- 1974
Otto F. Kernberg disputed with Heinz Kohut
Kernberg and Kohut disagreed over narcissistic personalities: Kohut saw an arrested but normal line of narcissistic development to be allowed to unfold in the transference, while Kernberg saw a pathological, defensive structure laden with rage and envy that has to be confronted and interpreted.
- 1971
Heinz Hartmann influenced Heinz Kohut
Kohut's "The Analysis of the Self" (1971) starts from Hartmann's definition of narcissism as the libidinal investment of the self rather than of the ego, the step from which Kohut's psychology of the self developed.
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